What is a urinary tract infection (UTI) in children?

A urinary tract infection is inflammation of part of the system that takes urine out of the body. 是由细菌引起的. 泌尿道包括两个肾脏. They remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine. Narrow tubes (输尿管) carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. 尿液储存在膀胱中. 当膀胱排空时, the urine travels through a tube called the urethra and passes out of the body. 细菌可以感染这个系统的任何部分.

是什么导致儿童尿路感染?

Normal urine contains water, salts, and waste products. It's free of germs, such as 细菌, viruses, and fungi. An infection happens when germs enter the urethra, 向上移动到膀胱, 输尿管, 和肾脏, 开始成长. Most infections are caused by 细菌 from the digestive tract. 最常见的是E. 大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli. 它们通常生活在结肠中.

哪些儿童有感染尿路感染的风险?

.尿路感染常见于婴幼儿. 泌尿道感染在女孩中更为常见. 这是因为它们的尿道较短. 尿路感染不太可能发生在任何年龄的男孩身上. But it can occur in boys if part of the urinary tract is blocked. Uncircumcised boys are more at risk for a UTI than circumcised boys. A child with a part or full blockage in the urinary tract is more likely to develop a UTI.

Bubble baths may irritate the urethra and allow 细菌 to grow there. 不正确的擦除会增加风险. 小孩子应该前后擦.) This is even more risky after a bowel movement. Delaying going to the bathroom and constipation are also linked to UTIs.

儿童尿路感染的症状是什么?

每个孩子的症状可能有点不同.

婴儿的症状包括:

• 发热

• 恶臭的尿液

• 易怒

• 哭

• 过

• 呕吐

• 可怜的喂养

• 腹泻

儿童的症状包括:

• 突然想尿(尿)

• 需要经常小便

• 尿失禁(尿失禁)

• 小便时疼痛

• 麻烦小便

• 耻骨以上疼痛

• 尿中带血

• 恶臭的尿液

• 恶心和呕吐

• 发热

• 发冷

• 背部或肋骨下方疼痛

• 疲劳

The symptoms of a UTI can seem like other health conditions. Have your child see their healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

如何诊断儿童尿路感染?

The healthcare provider will ask about your child’s symptoms and health history. The provider will give your child a physical exam. 您的孩子也可能有测试，例如:

• 尿检(验尿). Your child’s urine is sent to a lab to check for red blood cells, 白细胞, 细菌, 蛋白质, 还有感染的迹象. The urine will also be sent for a culture and sensitivity. This is done to figure out what type of 细菌 is causing the infection and what medicine is best to treat the infection.

• 肾脏超声. 这是一种无痛成像检查. It uses sound waves and a computer to make images of blood vessels, tissues, and organs. It can show internal organs as they function and can assess blood flow through vessels. A boy with a UTI or a girl younger than age 5 or 6 may need this test.

• 排尿膀胱尿道照片. 这是一种尿道x光片. 一个瘦, flexible tube (catheter) is put in the tube that drains urine from the bladder to the outside of the body (the urethra). 膀胱中充满了液体染料. X-ray images are taken as the bladder fills and empties. The images will show if there is any reverse flow of urine into the 输尿管 和肾脏.

• 核医学扫描. This scan can help find out if there is scarring or a more severe infection. A small amount of radioactive tracer is injected through an IV. 然后给肾脏拍照. 这将显示肾脏的工作情况.

如何治疗儿童尿路感染?

Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how bad the condition is. 治疗包括:

• 服用抗生素药物

• 使用加热垫或药物来缓解疼痛

• 多喝水

Your child's healthcare provider may want to see them back again a few days after treatment starts to see how treatment is working.

Talk with your child’s healthcare providers about the risks, 好处, 以及所有治疗可能产生的副作用.

我怎样才能预防孩子感染尿路感染?

You can help prevent UTIs in your child if you:

• 你的孩子喝了大量的液体吗

• Tell your child to empty their bladder fully when urinating

• Teach girls to wipe from the front to back after going to the bathroom

• 确保你的孩子不会便秘

When should I call my child’s healthcare provider?

Call the healthcare provider if your child has:

• 症状没有好转或恶化

• 新的症状

儿童尿路感染的要点

• A urinary tract infection (UTI) is inflammation of part of the system that takes urine out of the body.

• Most infections are caused by 细菌 from the digestive tract. 最常见的是E. 杆菌. 它们通常生活在结肠中.

• A UTI is not common in children younger than age 5. 泌尿道感染在女孩中更为常见 because they have a shorter urethra.

• 尿路感染不太可能发生在任何年龄的男孩身上, unless part of the urinary tract is blocked. Uncircumcised boys are more at risk for a UTI than circumcised boys.

• 症状因年龄而异. They can include fever, need to pee often, pain, and crying.

下一个步骤

Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your child’s healthcare provider:

• Know the reason for the visit and what you want to happen.

• Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.

• At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you for your child.

• Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed and how it will help your child. 还要知道副作用是什么.

• Ask if your child’s condition can be treated in other ways.

• Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.

• Know what to expect if your child does not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.

• If your child has a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.

• Know how you can contact your child’s provider after office hours, and on weekends and holidays. This is important if your child becomes ill and you have questions or need advice.